Definition:
A specific type of learning disorder that results in a significant difference between a child’s natural ability (IQ) and his or her level of achievement, as defined by federal and state laws. This difference is a matter of degree as determined by psychoeducational testing performed by psychologists and educators.
Current federal law defines learning-disabled children as having a disorder in "one or more of the basic psychological processes involving understanding or using spoken or written language which manifests itself in an imperfect ability to listen, think, speak, read, write, or do mathematical calculations."
This learning disability definition includes children with brain injury and dysfunction, as well as dyslexia. However; it excludes visual, hearing and motor handicaps, mental retardation, emotional disturbance, and environmental, cultural, or economic disadvantages.
Learning disabilities may occur in the following academic areas:
- Spoken language: Delays, disorders, or discrepancies in listening and speaking:
- Written language: Difficulties with reading, writing, and spelling;
- Arithmetic: Difficulty in performing arithmetic functions or in comprehending basic concepts;
- Reasoning: Difficulty in organizing and integrating thoughts; and
- Organization skills: Difficulty in organizing all facets of learning.
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